39 assumptions · 28 assumed · 5 confirmed · 6 overturned
Assumptions
What my research on logical knots assumes but could challenge: each assumption with why it is held, what rests on it, how it could be tested, and its status.
What the contact-first program assumes but could challenge. Each entry says what is assumed, why it is held without proof, what rests on it and how it could be challenged, with its status and a dated history. Epics can be dedicated to challenging an entry, and their outcomes are recorded here.
The register was started on 2026-11-07 at the owner's request: "These are things that we're assuming, but that can be challenged. We can have epics dedicated to challenging assumptions. This list will help us keep track of what we're assuming." It adds no evidence: results and their status come from the records each entry links.
The rules
- What counts. A decision taken by default rather than proved: a reading adopted where another was available, a scope or measure chosen without comparing the alternatives, a premise that a line of work builds on before it is proved, or a question the owner records as an assumption instead of deciding it. A theorem is not an assumption, but the readings it is proved under can be.
- Changes. Any line of work may add an entry or change a status, and reports the change to the owner. An assumption that is part of the canonical knot test or the foundational thesis changes only through a canonical correction request to the owner. IDs are never reused, and entries are never deleted.
- Challenges. An epic dedicated to an assumption marks it Under challenge when it starts. When the epic closes, the entry becomes Confirmed or Overturned, or returns to Assumed, with a history line naming the epic.
- Overturned. Every published claim that rested on an overturned assumption is corrected, and the correction is recorded.
Reading an entry
- The status line gives the status, the date it was set, and the kind.
- Statement. What is assumed, precisely enough to be tested.
- Why. Why it is held without proof: who adopted it, when, and on what evidence.
- Rests on it. The results, readings and lines of work that would change if it fell.
- Challenge. The alternative, the cheapest test that could tell them apart, and what would confirm or overturn it. For a settled entry, the challenge that settled it.
- History. Dated lines, newest first: added, challenged, confirmed, overturned, reworded.
How to read the statuses
- Assumed
In force: work proceeds as if it were true, and no epic is testing it.
- Under challenge
An epic dedicated to testing it is open, and the history names it. Work may still rely on it.
- Confirmed
A challenge ended without overturning it: the claim was proved, or the alternative was mapped and the assumption kept for stated reasons. It can be reopened.
- Overturned
A challenge showed it false or replaced it. The entry says what replaced it.
Kinds of assumption
- premise
Part of the program's thesis or its canonical test: the theory under test.
- reading
One way of reading a definition where another was available.
- scope
What the program counts or studies, and what it sets aside.
- measure
How the program measures a quantity it reports.
- working premise
A claim that a line of work built on before it was proved.
- interpretation
A philosophical reading that no proof or experiment can settle.
In force28
Work proceeds as if these were true. Each says how it could be challenged.
A1Assumed· reading
A native knot on an infinite system is also natively bound
A knot S of an infinite system is natively bound at a solution x when S is also a knot of the closure of x's homoclinic class: the solutions that differ from x in finitely many places. A knot that is native in every variable (A9) is assumed to be natively bound as well. Each knot claim on an infinite system records whether the knot is natively bound, beside its K1–K3 verdict and the source of each distinction, and claims of distance, locality or spacing there use natively bound knots.
- Why
Native variables do not say where a knot's binding comes from. In the law with Ledrappier's rule on x, z free and y = x + z, every variable is flipped by a finite move, yet for every k a six-variable knot joins points 2^k apart, bound through the hidden field x, whose openness comes only from the ends (proof, Proposition 5). Requiring native binding makes every native knot of a parity law chained, so bond distance is a ruler in every parity law (Proposition 2), and it adds no primitive: it reuses the finite moves that already define nativity. The logic-axis epic recommended it, and the owner chose to record it as an assumption rather than decide it (request).
- Rests on it
Every reading of native knots on infinite systems as local, and every claim of distance, locality or spacing there (question 9 of the knot intuition). Earlier verdicts keep their labels: Tseitin's law and the gauge law on the square grid have no ends, so their native knots are natively bound, and Ledrappier's law has no native knot either way. The long knots of the law above are native in every variable but not natively bound.
- Challenge
The alternative keeps nativity per variable and has each claim about distance or locality state only whether the law has ends. Whether natively bound knots are always chained is open beyond parity laws. A non-linear law whose natively bound knots join far points without a chain would remove the reason for the assumption, and so would a law in which the label discards knots that every other test treats as emergence.
- History
Recorded as an assumption at the owner's request, instead of a decision on the request. The canonical text of the source condition is unchanged.
Raised as a decision request by
LOGIC-AXIS-20261107-001, which recommended it.
A2Assumed· premise
First emergence is a logical knot
The first structure that logic forms without presupposing space is a knot: loops that each leave a distinction open, bound through one contact so that the whole is constrained and every part is free (K1–K3). One knot is the first atomic logical topology and the minimal contact-distance. Paths, networks and extended distance are built from many.
- Why
It is the program's working theory, protected by the foundational thesis. It is not a theorem: the theorems say which relations are knots and which constraint languages define them (A16), not that knots are where emergence begins.
- Rests on it
The program's reading of its results: a result about knots is read as a result about emergence, space or hiddenness because of this premise.
- Challenge
Look for structure the program would count as emergent that no knot carries. Known places to look: competing pairs make knots among their least-violation states (A8), pairs alone make a knot on three-valued distinctions (A10), and trends at infinity are invisible to the knot test (holes at infinity). A successful challenge goes to the owner as a canonical correction request.
- History
Made precise by the canonical knot test K1–K3, adopted by the owner.
Stated in the workspace's first commit.
A3Assumed· premise
A verdict depends only on the allowed states
A system of constraints is read as the set of joint states it allows, with witness variables quantified away. Whether it contains a knot depends only on that set, never on how the constraints are written or the order in which they are checked, and every map that preserves the allowed states preserves the verdict.
- Why
Adopted with the canonical knot test after an earlier proof's knot turned out to depend on its executor: cross-wired two-clause guards act like a knot only if each loop's clauses are checked only while that loop runs.
- Rests on it
Every K1–K3 verdict, the knot laboratory, the census of 34 two-loop knots, and the theorem that no 2-CNF defines a knot (A16).
- Challenge
On infinite systems the source-aware reading (A9) already lets verdicts depend on more than the projected relation: on how the system's solutions are joined by finite changes. A challenge would ask whether something the projection forgets, such as a growth order (A14) or the way solutions connect, ever carries emergence that the allowed states miss.
- History
Adopted with K1–K3 as the canonical test.
A4Assumed· premise
Nothing outside the constraints supplies an input
No executor, scheduler or checker may supply an input to a system. A constraint that should hold only while a loop runs carries the loop's presence as a literal, and formation order alone is not physical time.
- Why
Adopted with the canonical knot test. An earlier proof's executor checked a loop's clauses only while the loop ran, which supplied each loop's presence as a hidden third input and made a common hub of two-clause guards pass for a knot.
- Rests on it
The negative result for 2-CNF, which no evaluation rule can evade, and every growth result: a growth result belongs to the law only if it holds in every growth order (A14).
- Challenge
Question 4 of the knot intuition asks whether loops are better modelled as processes. Write a growth process as one law on space and time, and ask whether it has knots that no static law has and whether its order can be a variable of the law rather than an input.
- History
Its growth clause tested by
GROWTH-LAW-20261107-001A. A growth order written as variables of the law never knots with the world's states, and existence enters as the presence literal this premise prescribes. A rule that reads a state does knot the order to the states, which is the input it forbids. The status is unchanged, since this is a premise.Adopted with K1–K3 as the canonical test.
A5Assumed· premise
A loop is anything that leaves a distinction open
The thesis asks for two independently witnessed native recurrences. The knot test reads a recurrence as whatever leaves a distinction open: a variable, or a named pattern such as a parity, that the structure leaves free. A loop's presence is not a variable.
- Why
Settled in form with the canonical test: K1–K3 applies to open distinctions, and which structures count as native loops is interpretive (question 1 of the knot intuition).
- Rests on it
Every knot claim, since K1–K3 is checked on distinctions, not on loops.
- Challenge
Question 1 asks which structures should count as native loops, and it is open. Infinite systems showed that the source can matter: an end can open a distinction that no loop opens, and the knot test cannot tell the two apart, which led to A9. A challenge would look for open distinctions of different kinds in finite systems and ask whether the test should separate them.
- History
Refined for infinite systems by the source-aware reading (A9).
Settled in form with the canonical test; the question of where presence comes from was retired.
A6Assumed· reading
Erasure is forgetting
Erasing a loop forgets its distinction, so that nothing constrains it any more. A knot is then constrained as a whole and unconstrained in every part: forgetting any one variable, a loop or the contact, leaves the rest unconstrained (K2).
- Why
The owner chose it on 2026-10-19 (decision). Erasure entered the agents' gate in the workspace's first commit as a test of decomposability, which is the forgetting reading, and the program began from parity patterns, which are knots only under forgetting.
- Rests on it
Parity as the knot that hides the most, the 34 two-loop knots in five shapes, and every result about parity's knots since 2026-10-19.
- Challenge
The absence reading (A17) keeps only the atom. Every knot it accepts is a knot under forgetting, and both readings exclude the common hub and every 2-CNF pattern, so a challenge needs a question whose answer changes between them. The knot laboratory keeps both readings.
- History
Used by
GROWTH-LAW-20261107-001A. With the variables of absent sites and pairs forgotten, no knot joins a growth order to the world's states. Setting them to 0 instead makes order bits carry existence, and they then knot with the states.Chosen by the owner, replacing the absence reading adopted earlier the same day (A17).
A7Assumed· reading
Witnesses are existential
A state is allowed when some assignment of the witnesses satisfies every constraint. Witnesses carry no signs, so they cannot cancel.
- Why
The canonical reading since the test was adopted. On 2026-10-29 the signed reading, in which a state is allowed when its signed witness sum is nonzero, was adopted beside it under the owner's rule for forks between readings, and later results record both verdicts (adoption).
- Rests on it
The two/three boundary as stated (A16): with signed witnesses every three-bit knot is one cancelling witness away from pairs, so the boundary becomes a boundary of positivity. Also "only parity survives native patterns of patterns" (
GEOMETRY-LAW-20261029-001), which the signed reading changes: native gadgets then rebuild 14 of the 16 knot classes.- Challenge
Both readings are mapped side by side. A challenge would ask which one the program's questions need, for example whether cancelling witnesses build a space that no positive law builds. Interference reproduces knots on finitely ramified, tree-like space but not on genuine two-dimensional space (
SIGNED-SUBDIVISION-20261029-001).- History
The signed reading adopted beside it, reopenable (
INTERFERENCE-20261029-001).Adopted with the canonical test.
A8Assumed· reading
Allowed means every constraint holds
A state is allowed only when it satisfies every constraint (the strict reading). When the constraints cannot all hold, the states that break the fewest are not allowed for that reason.
- Why
The strict reading keeps verdicts independent of presentation and gives pairs no knots. The competition reading needs a declared measure of violation. Both were mapped on 2026-10-19 and the choice was left open (competing pairs; question 10 of the knot intuition).
- Rests on it
The theorem that pairs never make a knot, in its strict form (A16).
- Challenge
Under the competition reading, frustrated pairs make exactly one kind of knot, the not-all-equal triangle, and competition turns a triangulated layout into a chain of knots but does not make the layout. A challenge would adopt it as a second reading, as signed witnesses were, and record both verdicts.
- History
Both readings mapped (
KNOT-COMPETITION-20261019-001); the strict reading kept and the choice left open.
A9Assumed· reading
Native knots are opened by finite changes
On an infinite system, a knot is native at a solution only when each of its variables is flipped there by some change of finitely many variables. Every knot claim on an infinite system records its K1–K3 verdict and the source of each distinction: loop-supplied, end-supplied or fixed. Finite systems are unaffected.
- Why
An infinite system's ends can open distinctions that no loop opens, and K1–K3 cannot tell the two apart: the 3-regular tree has a knot at every vertex and no loop at all (holes at infinity). Asked which reading gives more interesting results, the owner adopted the source-aware one, reopenable. Under it emergence depends on the law and on the solution (frozen worlds; adoption).
- Rests on it
Frozen and flexible worlds: a linear law is native everywhere or nowhere, colourings have frozen worlds without native knots, and Ledrappier's law has knots but no native knot. A1 adds a requirement to it.
- Challenge
The source-blind reading counts end-supplied distinctions too. Both verdicts are recorded for every claim, so reopening needs no new derivation. A challenge would look for a result that the source-blind reading makes more interesting.
- History
Strengthened by A1 (natively bound).
Adopted by the owner, reopenable.
A10Assumed· scope
The base distinction is a bit
A distinction has two values. The thesis is the boundary between what clauses of two and of three literals can express, clauses are over bits, and laws over larger domains are a different question, not a test of the thesis.
- Why
The owner's statement of the thesis on 2026-10-21. The base-three epic found that the threshold is three somewhere: three places on bits, or three values on pairs. The two/three boundary is fundamental exactly when the base distinction is a bit (base three).
- Rests on it
The two/three boundary as the boundary of emergence (A16), and every census of knots on bits.
- Challenge
On three-valued distinctions pairs alone make a knot: a hidden vertex adjacent to three visible ones, under colouring constraints, makes "not all different" (Gallai knots). A challenge would ask whether the bit is forced, for example whether a three-valued distinction written natively on bits needs a three-place knot, which would move the boundary back to three places. The base-three epic proposed mapping all 512 binary relations on three values; that was deferred.
- History
Stated by the owner after the base-three epic.
A11Assumed· scope
Hubs are a declared substrate, never contact
Native contact shares each distinction between exactly two knots. A distinction shared by three or more knots is a hub: equality fan-out, which is pairwise. Hub laws are in scope as a declared substrate, but a hub is never counted as contact or emergence.
- Why
The canonical common hub, two attachments A-k and B-k, fails K2, and a distinction in three or more knots ties its copies by equality. On 2026-10-29 the owner put hub laws in scope (hub survivors).
- Rests on it
Surfaces glued natively, with every shared distinction in exactly two knots (
SURFACE-GLUING-20261024-001), and every result that compares a law with and without hubs.- Challenge
With hubs, emergence beyond parity persists across scales (
HUB-SURVIVORS-20261029-001). A challenge would ask whether some sharing among three or more knots is native after all, for example whether a law can form its own fan-out without an equality.- History
Hub laws put in scope by the owner, as a declared substrate.
A13Assumed· reading
Witness variables are part of a law, not a drawing
A uniform local law may use hidden witness variables, quantified away, and a space it builds with them is still built with nothing drawn. The number of hidden bits is reported with the result.
- Why
The canonical setting quantifies witnesses away (A3), so hidden variables belong to a law's constraints, unlike coordinates or positions written in advance.
- Rests on it
"With one witness bit per incidence, quantified away, a uniform local law lays out its own round sphere" (sphere growth), the eleven-label pinwheel rule (
PINWHEEL-NATIVE-20261107-001), and A14.- Challenge
Decorated matching rules force essentially every substitution tiling (Mozes 1989; Goodman-Strauss 1998), so with enough labels a law can carry almost any self-similar layout. A challenge would ask which spaces need no hidden bits, how the number of bits needed grows with the size, and whether labels that grow with the size are a drawing in disguise.
- History
Added when the register was started. Witness bits were first used to lay out a space in
SPHERE-GROWTH-20261107-001, and how many bits roundness costs is open.
A15Assumed· interpretation
Every coherent alternative is co-real
Every internally coherent admissible base, and every world branch it coherently admits, is treated as co-real, and nothing selects one of them as uniquely real. Co-reality is not simultaneity, and no contact is inferred across bases.
- Why
It is the program's protected interpretation.
- Rests on it
How results are worded: a law that leaves alternatives open is not said to fail to choose, and a construction is described by what it puts in, not by what it selects.
- Challenge
None by proof or experiment. A model-existence or nonselection theorem fits it without proving it, and an obstruction to one infinite carrier does not refute it. The entry keeps the assumption visible, so that no result is read as evidence for or against it.
- History
In the foundational thesis as a protected interpretation, in its earliest committed version.
A20Assumed· reading
A learning point is a localized dissonance
In the owner's picture of learning, a state is a point with a strength that moves through a network of knots. The program reads the point as a localized dissonance, a violated knot that local moves carry but cannot remove, rather than the whole joint state, and its strength as an index that local moves conserve, rather than a persistence time.
- Why
These readings fit what the record already has. The knot sphere's contradiction is a vortex charge that can be placed through any point and steps locally (
FLAT-STATES-20261107-001), and violated lines minus agreeing faces count the same in every state, so no move removes the forced dissonance (COUNT-SURFACES-20261107-001, whose record reads the count as a discrete Poincaré–Hopf theorem). They were written down when the owner described the picture, and the direction that would test them was scoped and parked.- Rests on it
Only the framing of that parked direction, steering a dissonance by re-signing knots. No result yet.
- Challenge
The alternatives read the point as the whole state, or its strength as how long a pattern persists under an update law. The parked direction's first step decides between them: on the octahedral knot spheres, change one sign at a time and check whether the forced dissonance moves as its index predicts.
- History
The first step ran in
RESIGN-STEER-20261107-001. The forced dissonance moves exactly as its index predicts: one sign change at the violated line splits its index 2 into two even faces of index 1, every such law is satisfiable, and the halves rejoin into a violated line anywhere (steering by re-signing). The point stays localized, a line or two faces. The persistence reading was not tested, and the count of states consistent with the law turned out to rank the halves' positions, a second, entropic notion of the strength the owner's words name. Kept as Assumed.Added from the readings recorded with the owner's learning picture; none is a result.
A22Assumed· reading
Many points at once means no scheduler
The owner asked for a parallel version of the learning picture. The program reads it as several points updated with no scheduler choosing an order, either together or by a rule whose result holds in every order, rather than as a faster program.
- Why
- Rests on it
The framing of the parked stretch direction, many points at once.
- Challenge
If the owner meant parallel computation, the direction reduces to an implementation choice. Otherwise its first step places two dissonances on one knot space, updates both in every order, and compares the outcomes: points might meet, cancel or bind, since violated lines and over-agreeing faces carry opposite indices.
- History
Added from the readings recorded with the owner's learning picture.
A23Assumed· measure
A law's local view is its rooted code
What a local law sees around a dart u → v within radius r is the dart's rooted code: a breadth-first traversal from u, starting at v and turning counterclockwise, that records each discovered vertex's degree and its neighbours' discovery numbers out to graph distance r. No labels, coordinates or angles enter it.
- Why
It is the code with which
PINWHEEL-NATIVE-20261107-001Bread the pinwheel's labels from its unlabelled map, and the atlas epic kept it so that the counts compare (atlas proof).- Rests on it
The counts of
PINWHEEL-ATLAS-20261107-001, tickets A, B and D: the 1,168 radius-2 forms, the 198 radius-1 forms of which 9 carry two labels, the least radius that reads every label, the 96,474 periodic configurations that fail at radius 1, and the 3,227 codes of the growing patch.- Challenge
Another local view, such as one built from faces or one that hides the outer face, could change the counts and the least radius that reads every label. A challenge would recompute the atlas under a second view and compare.
- History
Added at the pinwheel line's request; the code was defined in
PINWHEEL-NATIVE-20261107-001B.
A24Assumed· working premise
The pinwheel law's allowed states fix its planar map
The pinwheel law's allowed states determine its planar map, rotation order included, up to one mirror image of the whole, in infinite tilings as in finite patches.
- Why
By Whitney's theorems a 3-connected planar graph is determined by its cycle matroid and has only one planar embedding. The 3-connectivity was measured only on finite patches at levels 2 to 5, each with an added outside vertex joined to its boundary (
PINWHEEL-NATIVE-20261107-001B), and the atlas proof says it is not re-proved for infinite tilings.- Rests on it
Reading the radius-2 atlas as the law's own rather than the drawing's: the rooted code takes its rotation order from the drawing (A23), so the atlas belongs to the law only through this step.
- Challenge
Prove that the embedding is unique for infinite pinwheel maps, for example by proving every pinwheel tiling's graph 3-connected. A failure would mean that the law fixes the map only patch by patch.
- History
Added at the pinwheel line's request; first used in
PINWHEEL-NATIVE-20261107-001B.
A26Assumed· scope
A learner acts only at dissonance while the state holds still
In the steering results a learning step changes one sign, and only on a side of a violated line or on a side with an end at an even face, where dissonance can be seen. The state does not change while the law is learned. A target, when there is one, is supplied from outside as a graph distance on the triangulation.
- Why
RESIGN-STEER-20261107-001took it by default, to separate what changing the law can do from what changing the state can do. It is the cleanest reading of "learning orients the logic", and it matches the owner's word for the process, rationalization: the belief changes and the behaviour does not.- Rests on it
That epic's theorem that re-signing alone carries the dissonance from any line to any line with the state fixed, and its local rule, which reached 2,399 of 2,400 targets (steering by re-signing).
- Challenge
The alternatives let the state relax by its own local moves between learning steps, or let the learner change any sign. The cheapest test runs the same local rule while the state takes one improving step after each sign change, and asks whether every target is still reached or whether the state's own moves pull the point elsewhere. A native target signal, such as the count of consistent states (A27) or bond distance (A12), in place of the outside distance, is a second test.
- History
Added by
RESIGN-STEER-20261107-001.
A27Assumed· measure
A law is weighed by how many states it allows
When laws are compared, as in the force between the two halves of a rationalized dissonance or in a learner that keeps the most possibilities open, each law is weighed by the number of states that satisfy it, every state counting once.
- Why
- Rests on it
That epic's finding that the halves repel, the corners attract, and a learner that keeps the most states parks the halves on corners (steering by re-signing).
- Challenge
The alternatives weigh states by their dissonance at a temperature, or count only the states reachable by local moves. The cheapest test recomputes the force with each state weighted by a power of its number of over-agreeing faces, or with the states of one local-move component only, and checks whether the halves still repel and the corners still attract.
- History
Added by
RESIGN-STEER-20261107-001.
A28Assumed· scope
Outward growth is judged by its law's local consistency
A growth move is legal when the tiles it adds overlap no placed tile and leave every tile they touch with a collar that still extends to one of the law's complete collars, without overlap. This is one step of lookahead. A dead end is a tile with no legal move. Growth results for the pinwheel are stated under this rule, or under it plus the radius-2 atlas.
- Why
GROWTH-LAW-20261107-001took it by default. It is the weakest rule that a local process can apply and that never rejects a genuine continuation: growth that follows a genuine pinwheel patch is never rejected (pinwheel growth).- Rests on it
The dead-end counts and sizes of
GROWTH-LAW-20261107-001BandGROWTH-LAW-20261107-001C, and the reading that label-free growth leaves the pinwheel at once.- Challenge
A deeper lookahead could get stuck later or less often. Ticket C's stronger arm adds the radius-2 atlas. Dworkin and Shieh (1995) prove that every aperiodic protoset of the plane has deceptions of all orders, but the pinwheel's collar and radius-2 laws are not aperiodic: a periodic plane obeys both (
COLLAR-PLANE-20261108-001). So that theorem does not settle whether some growth order of these laws fails. The cheapest test is two moves of lookahead on ticket B's seeds.- History
Challenge reworded after
COLLAR-PLANE-20261108-001: it had said that by Dworkin and Shieh a stronger rule can change when growth fails but not whether some order fails, which needs an aperiodic law (docs/CORRECTIONS.md).Added by
GROWTH-LAW-20261107-001.
A30Assumed· scope
A process's memory is read from its two-time knots
What a process remembers of its past is read from its two-time knots: the knots of its space-time law that join one cell's value after T steps to cells of the first row, which are the minimally decisive sets of the T-step map. Knots through intermediate rows, or with several future cells, are set aside, except where they are counted for the linear rules.
- Why
TIME-KNOTS-20261107-001took it by default. These knots are characterized exactly (Theorem 1 of its ticket A), each is a knot of the whole space-time law, and they are cheap to count, which made the census of the 88 elementary automata possible (knots across time).- Rests on it
The census classes of
TIME-KNOTS-20261107-001B, the reading that pairwise memory is exactly the single ANDs and ORs, and the first measure of the next epic, knots between processes.- Challenge
The alternative reads memory from every knot of the space-time law that meets two times, and it finds more. Ledrappier's law has smaller knots through intermediate rows (2 + w(T) places against 2^popcount(T) + 1), and its least knot at T = 7 leaves the light cone through a second future cell. The cheapest test, the census's 15 knot-free rules read on their whole law in small windows, was run the day this entry was added. Rules 128, 136 and 160 knot two times and rule 32 knots one later row, wherever the image forbids a pattern, while the other eleven showed no knot. So the readings differ, and every claim made under this one names the first row. It would be overturned if a question the program asks of processes, such as whether a contact binds two of them, got a different answer under the whole-law reading. The next epic reads both.
- History
Added by
TIME-KNOTS-20261107-001. The same day its cheapest test showed that the two readings differ, and the epic's claims were narrowed to the first row (correction).
A32Assumed· reading
Two-sided essentiality across time is binding
A contact between two processes is two-sided essential at lag T when every minimally decisive set of its value c(T) over the joint first row meets both processes' cells. It persists when this holds at every lag.
- Why
PROCESS-CONTACT-20261108-001took it by default. Its ticket A proves that this is exactly the loss of the contact's knots when either process is forgotten, so two items of the contact gate become one property across time (which contacts bind).- Rests on it
Every binding and persistence count of
PROCESS-CONTACT-20261108-001and its successors.- Challenge
Weaker readings would ask only that some knot through c(T) meet both processes, or would read binding from the whole space-time law (A30's alternative), where the contact's history can join the rings as a witness. The cheapest test reruns the census of ticket B with "some knot meets both rings" and compares the classes.
- History
Added by
PROCESS-CONTACT-20261108-001.
A33Assumed· reading
A local law is read up to congruence
A local law of tiles lists its allowed neighbourhoods up to congruence: a neighbourhood is written in its central tile's own frame, so rotations and reflections are free, and no absolute direction belongs to the law. The pinwheel's collar law (108 collars) and its radius-r laws are read this way, and the theorem that no undecorated local law of the pinwheel forces aperiodicity is stated for such laws.
- Why
The program's laws are not written on a space in advance, so they carry no frame.
PINWHEEL-ATLAS-20261107-001took it by default for its collars (its rooted codes, A23, are congruence-free anyway), andCOLLAR-PLANE-20261108-001stated its theorem under it (collar plane).- Rests on it
The atlas's finite counts (193 collars, 108 complete, 1,168 forms), the growth engine's law, and the reading that the plane needs hidden information for roundness.
- Challenge
A law that also records directions against a fixed frame sees the pinwheel's tiles in infinitely many directions, so no finite law of that kind holds the pinwheel at all, and the question changes rather than its answer. A milder alternative records handedness only: in the pinwheel every complete collar occurs with both handednesses, so the cheapest test is to recount the census with handedness kept and check that nothing changes.
- History
Added by
COLLAR-PLANE-20261108-001.
A36Assumed· scope
A law declared cell by cell is a native substrate
A ring whose cells run different elementary rules, a hybrid ring, is a declared substrate like any other. A path of such rings is judged by the same contact and network gates as a path of uniform rings.
- Why
PATH-HYBRID-20261108-001took it by default when it counted ticket B's hybrid paths as native. The canonical knot test reads any declared system of constraints, and a law fixed cell by cell is still fixed in advance, with no input supplied from outside (paths through mixed middle rings).- Rests on it
The 1,120 native paths with hybrid middle rings and their characterisation. The existence of native paths across time does not rest on it: ticket A's 16 use one rule per ring.
- Challenge
Require one uniform law per ring, as question 9 asks of space, or require the cell types to arise from a uniform law, for instance as a second bit per cell that the dynamics holds fixed. The cheapest test builds the smallest hybrid path's ring C from a uniform law on two bits per cell. If no such emulation keeps the path native, the hybrid paths depend on drawing the law cell by cell.
- History
Added by
PATH-HYBRID-20261108-001.
A37Assumed· reading
A path composes at the recurring lags its dynamics fixes
A chain or path of processes composes when every contact binds its own two rings at every lag and the far contact binds the end rings at some lag of its eventual cycle, and so at the lags recurring with its period. In a linear path those lags are the lags at which both ends' influence arrives, fixed by the dynamics.
- Why
RECUR-PATH-20261108-001overturned A34 by its pre-registered rule, and this reading replaces it. Under it, composition across time survives every growth tested; under A34 it survives none (composition at recurring lags).- Rests on it
The 260 families of
RECUR-PATH-20261108-001as native networks across time that transport, 64 of them proved at every ring size and length (RECUR-PROOF-20261108-001).- Challenge
Ask more of the composing lags: that a knot of the path itself reads them, or that they make up a fixed share of every cycle at every size. The cheapest test proves or refutes, for the rule-60 family, that the composing share stays positive at every ring size.
- History
Bears on it:
RECUR-PROOF-20261108-001proved that the two-apart paths with rule 60 or 102 compose under this reading at every ring size and length, the far contact needing the first ring exactly when one binomial coefficient is odd; their composing share is 2^(−w), positive at every size (recurring composition at every ring size).Added by
RECUR-PATH-20261108-001, replacing A34.
A38Assumed· scope
A contact is cut by freezing it
The intervention that tests native separation across time cuts a contact by freezing it: its law becomes c ← c, so it reads nothing and keeps its first value.
- Why
SEPARATE-20261108-001took it by default. Freezing is the simplest declared contact intervention that stops every route through the contact, and it leaves every other cell's law unchanged (native separation across time).- Rests on it
The epic's theorems that a cut separates a proved path and that a cycle of four rings needs one cut per route.
- Challenge
Cut instead by erasing the contact, forgetting it as the knot test erases a loop, or by letting it read only one of its rings. The cheapest test reruns the epic's checks with a one-sided cut; a route that survives it would show that what counts as a cut changes which sets are separated.
- History
Added by
SEPARATE-20261108-001.
A39Assumed· reading
Space is spaced by knots that compose
The spacing a law sets between two distinctions is their bond distance, the size of the least knot through both, minus one: distinctions joined only by a chain of knots that meet at gates are not spaced at all. A gate is a shared distinction one value of which satisfies both knots it joins, so that it is a common hub rather than a touch.
- Why
BOND-CHAIN-20261108-001overturned A12 as a universal statement and this reading replaces it. Chains of knots and bond distance agree wherever knots compose across their meetings, including every parity law (proved), and part exactly at gates. The foundation's contact rule decides between them: "Two independent A-k and B-k relations make k a common hub, not one touch between A and B; shared variable identity alone is insufficient" (AGENTS.md). At a gate no knot crosses k, and bond distance follows that rule (bond and chain distance).- Rests on it
Everything that rested on A12: the number line, the taxicab plane, the circles of periodic and pinwheel laws, and dimension read from ball growth (question 9). All of it was measured where the two measures agree.
- Challenge
Find a law whose gate chains carry structure the program would want to call space that composing knots cannot carry, for example a hub chain in two dimensions whose chain balls are round. The cheapest test measures chain balls on a plane of gated knots against the grid it is drawn on.
- History
Added by
BOND-CHAIN-20261108-001, replacing A12.
Settled11
Challenges that ended: an assumption confirmed, or overturned and replaced.
A12Overturned· measure
Bond distance is a law's own spacing
The spacing a law sets between two distinctions is their bond distance: the size of the least knot through both, minus one, read from the allowed states alone. Dimension is read from how fast bond balls grow, and a circle is the large-scale shape of a bond ball.
- Why
It uses nothing but knots and allowed states, so no metric, coordinate or drawing is put in. On a thread of atoms it counts the loops between two points, one unit per loop, which matches the owner's reading of the integers' spacing as space (logic axis).
- Rests on it
The results on space from a law since 2026-11-07: the number line, the taxicab plane, the circles of periodic and pinwheel laws, and dimension read from ball growth (question 9).
- Settled by
Other measures can be read from allowed states, such as the shortest chain of knots joining two distinctions, each sharing a distinction with the next. On tree-shaped knot graphs bond distance is the number of knots on the path plus one, so the two agree there, but they need not agree elsewhere. A challenge would compare them on the laws already measured and ask whether any dimension or circle changes.
- History
Overturned as a universal statement by the test
BOND-CHAIN-20261108-001froze before running: in the NAND thread, clauses not(s(t−1) ∧ a(t) ∧ s(t)), chain distance reads a number line and bond distance none, since no knot crosses a gate (a value of a shared distinction that satisfies both knots). It holds wherever knots compose: on every parity law chains counted in knots collapse to one step and counted in distinctions equal bond distance (proved), and every law measured for space so far composes, so nothing under Rests on it changes. Replaced by A39 (bond and chain distance).Under challenge by
BOND-CHAIN-20261108-001: chain distance counted in knots and in distinctions, against bond distance, on parity laws and on non-matroidal laws.Used as the measure of space from a law (
LOGIC-AXIS-20261107-001).Defined from the allowed states of a declared substrate (
NATIVE-NETWORK-20261021-001).
A16Confirmed· premise
Pairs cannot make a knot; three places can
No system of two-literal clauses, with any number of witnesses, defines a knot, and three-literal clauses with witnesses define every knot.
- Why
- Rests on it
The program's central contrast: two-place relations are logic, and three-place ones carry topology.
- Settled by
Confirmed on 2026-10-19: proved in Lean under both readings of erasure (proof). It holds as stated under existential witnesses (A7), the strict reading (A8) and bits (A10): signed witnesses turn it into a boundary of positivity, competing pairs make the not-all-equal knot, and pairs on three values make "not all different".
- History
Restated under signed witnesses as a boundary of positivity (
INTERFERENCE-20261029-001).Confirmed: proved under K1–K3, in Lean.
Stated in the workspace's first commit as the protected arity thesis.
A17Overturned· reading
Erasure is absence
Each loop's variable is its presence, and erasing a loop sets it to absent. A knot then constrains the contact when every loop is present and constrains nothing when any loop is absent.
- Why
It came from the first formalization of the knot test on 2026-10-19, not from the original gate, and was adopted that morning.
- Rests on it
Under it only the atom, the single clause "not A or not B or c", is a knot, parity is not, and the doctrine said that a parity pattern is never a knot.
- Settled by
Overturned the same day, when the owner chose forgetting (A6): the original gate used erasure as a test of decomposability, and the program began from parity patterns. Every knot of the absence reading is a knot under forgetting. The reading stays available in the knot laboratory and in
KNOT-FOUNDATION-20261019-001A-P001.- History
Overturned: replaced by forgetting (A6).
Adopted with the first formalization of the knot test.
A18Overturned· working premise
The Fano plane is the knot's only three-fold space
The only gluing whose contacts all join three triangles and on which the not-all-equal knot reproduces itself is the Fano plane.
- Why
Of about 25,000 random connected 3-regular triple systems with 7 to 15 points, the only ones that could not be 2-coloured were Fano planes (space selection), and the next epic was approved with uniqueness as its premise.
- Rests on it
The approved form of the three-fold-spaces epic.
- Settled by
Overturned by exhaustive search and SAT in that epic: Fano planes splice together without limit (7, 13, 19, … triangles), odd cycles of Fano blocks give more, and two twisted 14-point systems give a 27-triangle space (three-fold spaces). The Fano plane is the smallest three-fold space, not the only one. The lesson: a random probe is no evidence of uniqueness.
- History
Overturned (
THREEFOLD-SPACES-20261030-001).Adopted as the premise of the three-fold-spaces epic, from the probe of
SPACE-SELECTION-20261030-001.
A19Overturned· working premise
A gadget's verdict does not depend on how its points are listed
When a far side is glued to a gluing line, the creation test's verdict does not depend on the order in which the far side's points are written.
- Why
Three of the four far sides the test used, K4^(3), the Fano plane and census 58, have the symmetry that makes the order irrelevant, and the test never varied it.
- Rests on it
The split step of the four-step rule that read Fano atoms (
FAR-READ-20261106-001-D002), and the sentence ofFAR-READ-20261106-001-D001about census 6.- Settled by
Overturned by
GENUS-READ-20261107-001: census 6 has three inequivalent gluings, and its verdict changed with the order in 8,046 of 11,552 sampled pairs. Counted over its gluings a Fano atom is homogeneous, so the split step was not native, and both records carry pending qualifications (genus read). The lesson: a listing order is a choice.- History
Overturned (
GENUS-READ-20261107-001).Used by
FAR-READ-20261106-001.
A21Confirmed· reading
Learning changes the law, not the state
In the learning picture, orienting the logic means choosing signs, a change of the law rather than of the state. Rationalization removes dissonance by changing the law, with a sign or an added witness, rather than the state.
- Why
On the knot's surfaces, changing one sign toggles the parity of the two faces at the ends of its side, so the forced amount of dissonance changes by at most one, and dissonance would leave the states only by entering the law (
COUNT-SURFACES-20261107-001; a working hypothesis, not yet checked).- Rests on it
The framing of the parked steering direction.
- Settled by
The alternative calls a change of state learning, as when a network's connections stay fixed and its activity settles. The steering direction's first check, whether one re-signing moves the forced violated line out of the states once two even faces appear, tests the premise of this reading.
- History
Confirmed on the sphere, with its boundary drawn, by
RESIGN-STEER-20261107-001. The premise is proved: on every simplicial knot sphere one re-signing at the violated line leaves a satisfiable law with two even faces. The boundary: on the sphere a re-signing that keeps the even faces where they are is a change of state in disguise (a gauge), and a closed walk of re-signings equals a block change of state. So the part of learning that is not a change of state is exactly where the law's even faces sit (steering by re-signing). Off the sphere, signings with the same even faces also differ by a homology class, which no change of state reaches; that is not yet studied.Added from the readings recorded with the owner's learning picture.
A29Overturned· scope
Where an atom sits within its switching class does not matter
A plain edge-atom space is studied through one placement of its atoms: a Fano atom on each signed incidence of one minimal signing of its glue. Results computed on that placement are taken to hold for every placement in the same switching class.
- Why
HANDLE-COUNT A's generator places the atoms on the minimal signing it finds, and the lines that used it, HANDLE-COUNT B and TRISUM-READ, took whichever placement it returned without comparing placements. Which one it returns depends on Python's hash seed, since its Pfaffian signing walks sets.
- Rests on it
The fresh trisum spaces of
HANDLE-COUNT-20261106-001B(three to six of its 257 per-space rows change under other hash seeds; its stated totals do not), and the eighteen spaces ofTRISUM-READ-20261107-001, each reproduced at its seed only under a recorded hash seed.- Settled by
Overturned by
SWITCH-READ-20261108-001. For five glues with two placements in one switching class, the native maps agree exactly between glue lines, but removing a line of an atom creates differently at glue lines, so the whole maps are never isomorphic: for native creation each placement is its own space. What replaced it: creation between glue lines depends only on the switching class (computed, five pairs), and the results that rested on it stand, since the junction epic's seven statements hold on all five other placements and HANDLE-COUNT B's stated totals reproduce (switch read).- History
Overturned (
SWITCH-READ-20261108-001); the results resting on it rechecked and standing.Added by
TRISUM-READ-20261107-001.
A34Overturned· reading
A chain composes when its far contact binds its ends at every lag
Two contacts between processes, c1 joining rings A and B and c2 joining rings B and C, compose when c2 binds the end rings A and C at every lag from the first lag at which ring A can reach it, d + 1 for contacts d cells apart on ring B. That is, every minimally decisive set of c2's value meets both end rings' first-row cells.
- Why
PROCESS-CHAIN-20261108-001took it by default. It reads the contact-network gate's composition as persistence of the composed binding, matching the persistence asked of each contact (two contacts across time).- Rests on it
The epic's finding that no chain with both contacts persistent composes, one size past included.
- Settled by
The alternative reads composition at the recurring lags the system itself fixes: the far contact binds the end rings at some lag of its eventual cycle, and so at lags recurring with its period. In linear chains and paths composition is arrival, so those lags are fixed by the dynamics, not by an observer.
RECUR-PATH-20261108-001tests the alternative by transport, pre-registered on 2026-11-08 before it ran. It uses the growth families ofPATH-GROWTH-20261108-001: one linear rule per ring and every law, four rings growing from 3 to 9 cells (or 4 to 9, contacts two apart), or paths from 4 to 9 rings.- Overturned, if some family composes at recurring lags with every contact persistent at every size of its schedule. The recurring reading then replaces this one, as a new entry, since under this reading no family composes at two sizes.
- Confirmed, kept for the gate, if such families exist only with contacts that bind at the composing lags but not at every lag. The recurring reading would then transport only by giving up the persistence the contact gate asks of each contact.
- Confirmed, also, if no family composes at recurring lags at every size. Composition across time is then tied to sizes under both readings.
- Back to Assumed, if the best candidate families meet a recurring reading at every decided size but some sizes stay undecided.
- History
Counts corrected: the census listed each two-apart family four times. The distinct counts are 64 two-apart families and 260 in all, and
RECUR-PROOF-20261108-001proved the 64 at every ring size and length. The outcome stands.Overturned by
RECUR-PATH-20261108-001, by the rule pre-registered above. 260 families of paths (first counted as 452) compose at recurring lags with every contact persistent at every size of their schedule: 64 with contacts two apart on rings of 4 to 9 cells, every ring on rule 60 or 102, and 196 growing from 4 to 9 rings. Under this reading no family composes at two sizes. All are verified by an independent computation at every size and on their full state spaces at the two smallest. Replaced by A37. Of what rested on it,PROCESS-CHAIN-20261108-001's finding stands under both readings, since its uniform chains never composed at recurring lags with both contacts persistent either (composition at recurring lags).Challenge pre-registered by
RECUR-PATH-20261108-001before its census ran: the outcomes and what each means for this entry are under Challenge above. The entry stays under challenge until the epic closes.Put under challenge by
PATH-GROWTH-20261108-001, as its stop rule set out. Under this reading no family of paths with one linear rule per ring composes at more than one size: native paths sit at isolated shapes, and none survives one more cell or one more ring. Composition at recurring lags, with the phase fixed by the chain, held at every tested size for three-ring chains (INTERMITTENT-NET-20261108-001). The test is whether that reading gives paths that compose at every size; if none does either, this reading is kept and composition across time is tied to sizes under both (native paths that survive growth).Bears on it:
PATH-HYBRID-20261108-001. Read for a path's last contact, native paths exist at particular sizes and none survives growth one size past. If binding at every lag proves tied to particular sizes, the intermittent reading returns as the alternative (paths through mixed middle rings).Confirmed by
INTERMITTENT-NET-20261108-001. Composition at recurring lags is persistent composition of a strobed chain, whose phase only the chain could fix. The chain fixes it in 92 of 244 intermittently composing chains, every one with an affine rule, and never with a nonlinear rule. The contact gate asks for persistence, which intermittent composition fails, so this reading is kept for the gate. The native intermittent network on affine substrates is recorded beside it (intermittent networks).Added by
PROCESS-CHAIN-20261108-001.